How to Perform CPR: A Step-by-Step Guide Using DRSABCD
Knowing how to perform CPR can help save a life during a cardiac emergency. CPR helps maintain blood circulation and oxygen delivery when someone is unconscious and not breathing normally.
At Heart Restart, our CPR training follows the principles recommended by the Australian Resuscitation Council (ARC) and teaches the nationally recognised DRSABCD emergency response approach.
CPR Quick Guide
What Is CPR?
CPR stands for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. It is an emergency procedure that combines chest compressions and, when appropriate, rescue breaths to help circulate oxygenated blood throughout the body during cardiac arrest.
CPR does not restart the heart by itself. Instead, it helps maintain blood flow to vital organs until emergency services arrive or an automated external defibrillator (AED) can be used.
The DRSABCD Approach to CPR
The DRSABCD action plan provides a simple structure for responding to life-threatening emergencies. It helps first responders remember the correct order of actions during a stressful situation.
D — Danger
Before approaching someone, check that the area is safe for yourself, the person and anyone nearby.
Do not put yourself in danger while attempting to help.
R — Response
Check whether the person responds.
- Gently tap the person
- Ask loudly, "Are you okay?"
- Look for any signs of movement or response
If there is no response, continue through the DRSABCD steps.
S — Send for Help
Call Triple Zero (000) or ask someone nearby to call emergency services.
If available, send someone to collect an AED while CPR begins.
A — Airway
Open the person's airway and check that it is clear.
An unconscious person may have an airway obstruction that prevents normal breathing.
B — Breathing
Check whether the person is breathing normally.
- Look for normal chest movement
- Listen for breathing
- Do not mistake occasional gasping for normal breathing
If the person is not breathing normally, begin CPR.
C — CPR
Begin chest compressions as soon as possible.
- Place hands in the centre of the chest
- Push hard and fast
- Aim for approximately 100–120 compressions per minute
- Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions
Continue CPR until the person shows signs of life, emergency services take over, or an AED becomes available.
D — Defibrillation
Use an automated external defibrillator (AED) as soon as one becomes available.
Follow the AED prompts carefully. The device analyses the heart rhythm and only delivers a shock when appropriate.
Why CPR Training Matters
In a cardiac emergency, every minute matters. Many people hesitate because they are unsure what to do, but structured CPR training helps build the confidence to respond quickly and effectively.
Heart Restart focuses on practical, hands-on CPR education delivered by experienced healthcare professionals. Our Melbourne CPR courses are designed to help participants develop real-world skills, not just theoretical knowledge.
Heart Restart Tip
The most important part of CPR is taking action. Even imperfect CPR is better than doing nothing while waiting for emergency services. Learning CPR gives you the confidence to help when someone needs it most.
Common CPR Mistakes to Avoid
During an emergency, stress and uncertainty can affect decision-making. CPR training helps reduce hesitation and teaches the correct approach.
- Waiting too long before starting CPR
- Not calling Triple Zero (000) early
- Performing compressions that are too shallow
- Stopping CPR unnecessarily
- Being unsure how to use an AED
- Failing to check whether someone is breathing normally
CPR for Babies and Children
CPR techniques vary depending on whether the person is an adult, child or infant. Babies and children have different anatomy and may experience different types of emergencies compared with adults.
Parents, carers, childcare workers and educators can benefit from specialised infant and child CPR training to understand how to respond appropriately in these situations.
Learn CPR With Heart Restart
Our Melbourne CPR courses combine evidence-based teaching, practical scenarios and guidance from experienced healthcare professionals to help you feel confident responding during an emergency.
Explore CPR CoursesReady to Learn CPR?
Gain practical CPR skills and confidence with a clinician-led Heart Restart course in Melbourne.
Book an AppointmentThis information is intended as general guidance only and should not replace accredited CPR training or professional medical advice. Always call Triple Zero (000) in a medical emergency.