How to Perform CPR: A Step-by-Step Guide Using DRSABCD
Knowing how to perform CPR can help save a life when someone experiences a cardiac emergency. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency procedure that helps maintain blood flow and oxygen delivery when the heart is not pumping effectively.
At Heart Restart, our CPR training follows the principles and recommendations of the Australian Resuscitation Council (ARC). We teach the nationally recognised DRSABCD approach, giving participants a structured way to assess an emergency and respond with confidence.
What Is CPR?
CPR stands for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. It combines chest compressions and, when appropriate, rescue breaths to help circulate oxygenated blood around the body during cardiac arrest.
CPR does not restart the heart on its own. Instead, it helps maintain vital blood flow until emergency medical assistance arrives or a defibrillator (AED) can be used.
The DRSABCD Approach to CPR
The DRSABCD action plan is taught throughout Australia as a simple framework for responding to life-threatening emergencies. It helps first responders remember the essential steps before starting CPR.
D — Danger
Before approaching the person, check that the area is safe for yourself, the person, and anyone nearby.
Do not put yourself at risk while trying to help someone else.
R — Response
Check whether the person responds.
- Gently tap the person
- Ask loudly, "Are you okay?"
- Look for any signs of a response
If the person does not respond, move to the next step.
S — Send for Help
Call emergency services on 000 or ask someone nearby to call.
If available, ask someone to locate an AED while you continue providing care.
A — Airway
Open the person's airway and check that it is clear.
For an unconscious person, airway obstruction can prevent normal breathing and requires immediate attention.
B — Breathing
Check whether the person is breathing normally.
- Look for normal chest movement
- Listen for breathing
- Do not mistake occasional gasping for normal breathing
If the person is not breathing normally, begin CPR.
C — CPR
Begin CPR with chest compressions.
- Place your hands in the centre of the chest
- Push hard and fast
- Aim for a compression rate of approximately 100–120 compressions per minute
- Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions
Continue CPR until the person shows signs of life, emergency services take over, or an AED becomes available.
D — Defibrillation
Use an automated external defibrillator (AED) as soon as one becomes available.
Follow the AED prompts carefully. The device will analyse the heart rhythm and only deliver a shock if appropriate.
Why CPR Training Matters
In an emergency, many people hesitate because they are unsure what to do. Following a structured approach like DRSABCD helps create a clear sequence of actions.
Heart Restart focuses on practical, hands-on CPR education delivered by experienced healthcare professionals. Our courses are designed to help people build the confidence and skills needed to respond effectively during a real emergency.
Common CPR Mistakes to Avoid
- Waiting too long before starting CPR
- Not calling emergency services early
- Performing compressions that are too shallow
- Stopping CPR unnecessarily
- Being afraid to use an AED
CPR for Babies and Children
CPR techniques vary depending on whether the person is an adult, child, or infant. Babies and children have different anatomy and common causes of emergencies.
Parents, carers, childcare workers, and educators can benefit from specialised infant and child first aid training.
Our Melbourne CPR courses follow Australian Resuscitation Council guidelines and combine evidence-based teaching with practical scenarios.
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